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A Defining Moment in American Philanthropy (1995)
This essay was prepared for the National College of Industrial Relations in Dublin, Ireland. It marks the twentieth anniversary of the Filer Commission and explores the idea of a second Filer Commission.
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A Dialogue Between the Head and the Heart (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Reflections on balancing reason and emotion in philanthropy and charity. "The purpose of liberal education is to bring some semblance of detente if not harmony to the divided empire of the human mind and spirit."
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A Future Filer (1995)
A discussion of the impact of the 1975 Filer Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs, and a call for a second such study, "Filer II." “I credit the Filer Commission with contributing to mythistory by adding the concept of the three-sector society to the public discourse.” The task of a second commission would be to examine the “ageless rationale” for philanthropy in America.
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A Reader's Guide (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Brief discussion of the format, approach and themes of the book. "Professionals have a moral obligation to understand what they do and why they do it, as well as how they might do it better..."
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A Tradition of Voluntary Service (1993)
“The only way out of our moral and economic slough of despond is the fragile and uncertain tradition of voluntary service.” At 67 years old, Payton observes many societal ills in America and suggests a work force of volunteers could help address some of these problems. The benefits of volunteering are not reserved for the beneficiaries. Rather, “voluntary service reminds us that we depend on other humans on whom we have no other claim than a moral one.”
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Academic Teachers ()
In this essay Payton differentiates between two types of teachers of philanthropy: “those who treat it as education and those who offer it as training.” He maintains that neither approach does justice to the discipline.
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Acknowledgements (1988)
Thanks to a few of the many friends and colleagues who helped develop the book.
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Afterword: Philanthropics (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Defines the field of "philanthropics" (a coined term) and puts forth a prospectus for educating ourselves and teaching about philanthropy. "Someone asked me what one should read to pursue an interest in the subject. I was stumped. What one reads depends on what one has read. We have all read many things about philanthropy, albeit without realizing we were doing so."
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An Ethical Will (2000)
An ethical will attempts a succinct statement of “the values one most wants to live on.” This is an ethical will for philanthropic studies at the Center on Philanthropy at Indiana University. Written in 2000, this essay underlines the importance of liberal arts in philanthropic studies.
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Athens or Jerusalem (1989)
Two powerful influences on American society are compared: Ancient Greece and Ancient Judaism and Christianity. Out of one comes concepts such as justice, individualism, rationality, and private charity. Typifying this tradition was Andrew Carnegie. Out of the other comes brotherly love, socialism, religious thought, and public charity. From this tradition are John D. Rockefeller and Walter Rauschenbusch. Though Americans are children of both traditions, modern American society has effectively chosen Athens over Jerusalem.
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Bibliography (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Lists sources for Part I of the book, ranging from books written in 1687 through 1984.
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Conclusion to Part I (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Discussion of philanthropy in education and education about philanthropy, how they are linked to the future of the philanthropic tradition. Also covers the question of international dimensions to philanthropic studies. "A charitable act requires more than one person. Have you noticed the proliferation of ads based on buying products because we 'deserve' them? That ain't charity."
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Dedication (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good.
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Demographics, Democracy, and Education (1986)
Written in 1985, a discussion of the implications of an increasingly aged and ethnically diverse America. The experiences of France, the Soviet Union, Iran, and the United Republic Cameroon are used to illustrate the impact of such changes on modern societies. Payton argues that a less Western America, “will force us to think more carefully about the Western values that should be preserved.”
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Discourse in Schools (1981)
Payton delivered this lecture to the Port Washington, New York public school system during his tenure as president of the Exxon Education Foundation. It discusses "'rhetoric' in the classical sense: instruction in the arts of language and thought as used in persuasion." His examples range from third world underdevelopment and education reform to the evolving dynamics of mass media.
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Dissent (2001)
This email message was the eighth of nine messages sent by Payton to the Jane Addams-Andrew Carnegie Fellowship list serve following the events of September 11th. He discounts the effectiveness of anti-war demonstrations like those in Dunn Meadow on the Indiana University campus. Again Payton stresses the importance of a discourse of ideas: “Respect rational discourse; protect it, use it wisely. It’s the best instrument for peace we have.”
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Donor Priorities (1996)
Politicians who cut the American welfare budget can’t assume that philanthropic dollars will fill the resulting vacuum of social services. American Philanthropic giving patterns have historically been oriented towards religion, higher education and health, rather than human services, welfare and traditional charity for people who are most in need.
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Essays and Reflections, Introduction to Part II (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Brief description of how Part II of the book differs from Part I.
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Ethics and Morals (2000)
Payton makes the careful distinction between morality, a certain kind of behavior; and ethics, a way of thinking about that behavior. Payton recounts growing up in the Mid-West and his encounters with racism. Thinking about this behavior led him to an understanding of civil rights, before any such movement was established. The progression from morality to ethics is also evident in philanthropy; “we give first because we’re taught to do so.” Payton views philanthropy as "the principle means by which our ethics and values shape the society in which we live," and therefore worthy of considerable thought.
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Foreword (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Richard W. Lyman, Ph.D.,
Lyman is President Emeritus of Stanford University and former president of the Rockefeller Foundation.
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For-Profit Public Good: A Contradiction in Terms (2000)
Highlighting the perils of and "socialized" and “capitalized” medicine, this essay confronts the use for-profit hospitals to solve problems with the American health care system. Missing from both socialized and capitalized medicine is the “indispensable element,” trust. “Only the tradition of professionalism seems to get to the core of the problem: an ethical system based on private responsibility for the public good.”
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Getting Back to Normal (2001)
This email message was the fourth of nine messages sent by Payton to the Jane Addams-Andrew Carnegie Fellowship list serve following the events of September 11th. It highlights the question “When is it all right to get back to normal?” Payton holds that our society, with its short attention span, will need something more than Cicero’s notion of decorum in trying to cope with the September 11th events.
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Gleanings (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. A sampling of quotes that highlight diverse issues and opinions in philanthropy, gathered from a wide variety of newspapers, magazines, and other publications. Includes an embarrassing confusion between Darryl Strawberry and William Raspberry.
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God and Money (1989)
A discussion of the importance of the relationship between religion and philanthropy. This essay presents an understanding of the influence the Protestant tradition has had on and continues to have on American philanthropy.
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Gospel 2 (1992)
Payton creates an ethical will; his hopes for his children and grandchildren. The ethical will asserts four basic values: self help, mutual aid, government assistance, and philanthropy.
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Hofstra's Most Distinctive Virtue (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Illuminates how new dimensions of service emerge anonymously in community and institutional life. "Living and working with the physically disabled is a natural part of life on this campus."
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How American Society Really Works (1994)
In this essay, Payton discusses the four elements that make America work: self-help, mutual aid, government assistance and philanthropy. Unfortunately, much of American political discourse centers solely around government assistance. Liberals tend to neglect the importance of self-help and mutual aid and understate the importance of philanthropy, while conservatives tend to downplay the role of government assistance and overstate that of philanthropy.
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How Philanthropy Works (1995)
“To study the philanthropic tradition is to trace the ‘social history of the moral imagination.’” This essay looks at the development of the philanthropic tradition by comparing it to the history of the Christian tradition. Particular attention is given to the elements of vision, shared values, organization, and resources.
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Intergenerational Dialogue (2002)
This email contains Payton’s proposal to assemble older liberal arts faculty members for informal discussions. He suggests that these discussions also include graduate students, thereby providing a unique forum where ideas are exchanged across the generation gap.
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Lessons in Community Philanthropy (1996)
Social trust is more important than partisan ideology when societies are working to ensure social well-being. Payton asserts that, "people of very different beliefs can identify with the need for social trust – a community of high social trust is a community where everyone matters. Social trust calls for individual responsibility along with an assumption that there is a collective responsibility as well."
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Letter to Friends (1992)
A letter written to friends of the Payton family on the occasion of the death of Joseph Payton, Robert and Pauline's oldest son. The letter recounts Joe's life of service and commitment to Africa where he worked in emergency relief. The personal account shares lessons learned from the loss of two children (son Matthew as well as Joseph) and their dedication to service in the lives they lived. It is for these two that the Joseph and Matthew Philanthropic Studies Library is named at Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis is named.
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Major Challenges to Philanthropy, Introduction to Part I (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Introduces basic themes and topics of the philanthropic sector as understood by founding committee of Independent Sector. "The most difficult assumptions to examine are your own, especially when they are beneath the surface of consciousness."
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Misanthropy (2001)
This email message was the fifth of nine messages sent by Payton to the Jane Addams-Andrew Carnegie Fellowship list serve following the events of September 11th. In this short message Payton resolves to “read and reflect” on the tragedy instead of writing about it. “There are times when teachers should be silent, too.”
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Missing the Point: Where Philanthropy and Healthcare Go Wrong (1997)
Payton writes that, "the point of this essay is that the stewards of health care and philanthropy have lost touch with the moral values of the society that calls them into being and that sustains them as institutions and as practitioners. What is missing from health care and philanthropy these days is ideals."
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Money and Ideas: Foundations and Higher Education in the 1990s (1990)
In “Money and Ideas” Payton looks to the giving pattern rationale and of such philanthropists as Andrew Carnegie, John D. Rockefeller and Mrs. Russell Sage. He then goes on to explore the relationship between foundations and universities. This relationship will be ever changing and must strive to accommodate the priorities of both parties.
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Mr. Carnegie's Challenge (1991)
This essay analyzes Andrew Carnegie's "Gospel of Wealth." It also addresses American capitalism, wealth surplus, and the habits of wealthy Americans.
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Notes for an Ethical Will (1998)
An ethical will encapsulates, "the values we most want to live on" and transmits one generation's values to future generations. Hopefully, these values will help future generations address the ethical problems they will face as well as assist them in crafting their addition to society's ever evolving moral imagination.
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On Liberal Arts (Letter to Paul) (2000)
This essays discusses general education and the relevance of the liberal arts to philanthropy. "The eternally recurring question is, what kind of education is best-suited to encourage and advance the struggle to achieve the good life and the good society."
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On Philanthropic Values (Letter to Carol) (2000)
This letter appears in its original letter form. It is a brief discussion of the core concepts and terms of philanthropy: social change, welfare and reciprocity.
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On the Emergence of Philanthropic Studies (Letter to Ellen) (2000)
A brief discussion of the difficulties of passing on the core ideas and energy of those who developed philanthropy as an academic field of study.
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On the Jane Addams Fellowship (Letter to Dan and Wendy) (2000)
A year-end reflection on the ninth class of Jane Addams Fellows that emphasizes philanthropic studies as an exercise in liberal education.
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Our Greatest Need: Human Rather Than Financial Resources (2000)
In this essay Payton highlights the importance of human rather than financial resources. “Perhaps it is not more money that philanthropy needs but better ideas and deeper commitment, a clearer sense of what is going on, more reflection on and discussion of the good life and the good society.”
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Papers ()
This essay discusses the importance of gathering the Papers- evidence of successes and failures- of those who have been active in voluntary action for the public good in less ostentatious ways than the rich, famous and powerful. "Many scholars of American cultural history are determined to know the gritty and often grimy context of daily life." With these papers, it is "more likely that current and future generations will find the richness of the truth rather than some laundered version of it."
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Peacekeeping and Warmaking: Is There a Difference? (1995)
In this essay, Payton discusses the Clinton administration's decision to send peacekeeping troops to Bosnia. He addresses the issues behind armed humanitarian action, issues of philanthropy and misanthropy and the need for military and police activity to be rooted in ethics even during times of violence and chaos.
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Philanthropy and Business (1998)
Few of Payton’s students have gone into business. “They don’t appreciate getting rich because they see that as mindless and soulless self-interest.” However, Payton asserts that young people should be encouraged to consider business careers as morally justified if pursued in certain ways, i.e., as an opportunity to create decent jobs and improve both working conditions and the standard of living.
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Philanthropy and Democracy (1991)
Asserting that democracy is a precondition to everything else, this essay explores the United States' three sector society. It describes how freedom in the classroom is essential.
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Philanthropy and its Discontents (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Explores the numerous critiques of philanthropy, including pluralism and populism. "My bias is clearly in favor of organized inquiry into the values, principles, and purposes of philanthropy, as well as efforts to understand how our system works. The future of philanthropy depends on its self-renewal."
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Philanthropy and Patriotism ()
Payton claims that American patriotism is in jeopardy. He stresses that both patriotism and philanthropy are necessary for a flourishing American democracy.
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Philanthropy and Reform in Eastern Europe (1991)
Analyzing the reform of Russia and Eastern Europe, Payton highlights the importance of voluntary associations in these new democracies. A third sector will be able to address the problems left by government and market shortcomings. In addition, Payton argues that these new democratic governments must provide protections for religious practices as religious organizations play a major role in the voluntary sector.
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Philanthropy and the Rights of the Child (1991)
This essay is a response to the call for ratification of the U.N. Convention
on the Rights of the Child. It is a discussion of the limitations of the
legal solutions to problems in society. Considering political philosopher
Stephen Lukes' three dimensions of power, the essay concludes that though
government has the power to change laws, philanthropy has the ability to
influence consciousness. Only through cooperation among the sectors can
long-term change be achieved.
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Philanthropy and the Social Crisis ()
Examining the Biblical story of the Good Samaritan, Payton highlights the importance of helping those in need. He maintains that true philanthropy means taking risks, showing compassion, and helping others.
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Philanthropy as a Concept (1987)
Payton writes that, "philanthropy is an 'essentially contested concept,' an idea that is bent and distorted by attempts to contain within it a diversity of human phenomenon that resist generalization and categorization. Philanthropy has changed in definition – been modified in definition – by the deliberate intellectual effort to find a word that would identify different concepts…"
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Philanthropy as a Right (1983)
A quantitative outline of philanthropy in America and a qualitative sketch of some of the purposes it serves. Philanthropy is referred to here as “America’s most distinctive virtue,” serving purposes central to efforts to be a free, open, and democratic society.
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Philanthropy as a Vocation (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Discusses the motivations, ethics, values and threats at play in professional and volunteer roles in the non-profit sector. "Do you live for philanthropy, or do you live off philanthropy?
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Philanthropy as Moral Discourse (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Explores the making of the philanthropic agenda and some of the ways voluntary initiatives influence public policy as well as social values. "It is the function of philanthropy as moral discourse to point out the gaps between the ideal and the actual."
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Philanthropy as Public Policy ()
In this essay, Payton introduces the core values behind government, business and philanthropy.
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Philanthropy as Thanksgiving (1997)
“Philanthropy as Thanksgiving” was a speech given by Robert Payton at Thanks-Giving Square in Dallas, Texas in 1997. Payton insists that philanthropy is a tradition that must be upheld. “Philanthropy as a tradition claims that we have some responsibility for others, even strangers.”
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Philanthropy in Action (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Presents famine, war, art and homelessness as situations and problems that confront philanthropy in action that might be illuminated by moral philosophy. "Private philanthropy is far broader than fund raising and grantmaking, although most academics limit their reflection on the tradition in this single dimension."
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Preface (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Payton briefly describes the purpose of the book, how he thinks it should be read, and how he became interested in thinking about philanthropy .
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Public Teachers (2001)
This email message was the first of nine messages sent by Payton to the Jane Addams-Andrew Carnegie Fellowship list serve following the events of September 11th. He challenges his former students to serve as public teachers, helping “others think about complex and difficult public issues so that they can come to their own conclusions, as is appropriate in a democratic society.”
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Racial Harmony (1992)
In this essay Payton analyzes the elusiveness of racial harmony. He claims that it is time to reassess the mission of the civil rights movement. Payton asserts, “Mutual respect must be based on earning respect rather than on claiming it as a right of race or social position.” Payton stresses the importance of citizens’ working together to achieve a harmonious society.
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Religion, Politics, and Philanthropy (1996)
Religious congregations are important to philanthropy and one must respect their activity and drive to help those most in need. However, one must also recognize that much of religious philanthropy occurs in the realm of charity. It is a rare person in the religious community -a prophet perhaps- who "would mobilize the religious congregation, into an instrument of social change, reform, or even revolution."
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Research on the Independent Sector (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. This report provides a thorough overview of the growth of philanthropy as a field of study from the 1970s through the mid-1980s.
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Successor Generation (1999)
In referring to generation X (the successor generation), Payton asks, "what is the state of the philanthropic tradition that we will pass on to them and what will they make of it?" Payton examines these issues using history, philosophy and his experiences with the Jane Addams Fellows.
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Tainted Money: The Ethics and Rhetoric of Divestment (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Explores the conceptual background of tainted money, and focuses on the South Africa divestment campaign of the 1980s as a primary example of that dynamic. "The moral dilemma of those who seek to do good is that they may instead do harm--in this case, terrible, irreparable harm."
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Terrorism as Mugging (2001)
This email message was the seventh of nine messages sent by Payton to the Jane Addams-Andrew Carnegie Fellowship list serve following the events of September 11th. Payton provides two accounts of terror: a shooting in Broadripple and a mugging in midtown Manhattan. After feelings of fear, the victims were struck by melancholy. Payton maintains, “It is a dangerous world but our task is to make it safer, not enclose ourselves in a protected space.”
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The Ethics of Corporate Grantmaking (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Reflects on the ethics and economics of corporate philanthropy and enlightened self-interest. "Each grant is an assertion about the way the world should be. Anything that important is not likely to be simple or easy or even finished."
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The Great Relearning (2001)
This email message was the sixth of nine messages sent by Payton to the Jane Addams-Andrew Carnegie Fellowship list serve following the events of September 11th. The great relearning, Payton suggests, is a process facing Americans and more broadly the Western world. Through the great relearning, we might come to a better understanding of our world and our relationship to those in Eastern and Middle Eastern worlds.
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The Impact of Individuals on Philanthropy in America (1995)
American philanthropy is described as a mosaic of cultural influence. This essay focuses on some of the best known figures in the history of American philanthropy. Written in 1995, it concludes with speculation about the impact on George Soros on the future of central and eastern europe.
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The Long View (2001)
This email message was the third of nine messages sent by Payton to the Jane Addams-Andrew Carnegie Fellowship list serve following the events of September 11th. Payton suggests that in response to the terrorist attacks, Americans and America’s leaders should rely on reason and not simply religious faith. “It will be our reason that provides us the common ground where we can work together despite our religious differences.”
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The Mission of Philanthropy in the Univeristy (1994)
Payton gave this lecture at an Independent Sector Research Symposium, honoring Brian O'Connell. In it, he discusses the diverse yet interrelated reasons for studying philanthropy, including the idea that "organized philanthropy is essential to a free, open and democratic society."
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The Philanthropic Response ()
"Because philanthropy is a large and complex subject, in developing an understanding of it we make a great many important assumptions about the world in which philanthropy makes sense." This essay provides a summary of Payton's world views – of the human condition and human nature – and examines meliorism, the philosophy he finds, "most congenial to the philanthropic response."
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The Philanthropic Tradition in America (1995)
This essay discusses the mythistory of American philanthropy. "A moral narrative that reveals the role of good works in shaping the good life and the good society."
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The Right to Ask for Money (1981)
Payton gave this speech at the Annual Conference of the Council for Advancement and Support of Education. It focuses on the professionalization and institutional cohesiveness that are necessary for ethical fund raising. At the time it was delivered, Payton was the President of the Exxon Education Foundation.
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The Right To Be Intelligent (1981)
Comparing educators Georgi Lozanov, Michael Thomas, Edward DeBono and Luis Alberto Machado, Payton investigates the idea of "liberating" people, especially in the third world, from ignorance.
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The Role of Philanthropy in the Future of Higher Education (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Outlines the state of economics and governance in higher education, and argues that philanthropy affects higher education to such a degree that it is worthy of being a field of study within higher education. "What should we be teaching teachers to teach children not born? Skills and methods, without content? Which content?"
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The Varieties of Philanthropic Experience (1988`)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Provides literal and narrative outlines which help define the core issues and tensions at work in the philanthropic tradition. "The most serious problem facing the sector is not its lack of compassion but its lack of community."
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The Will to Believe (1975)
Payton presented “The Will to Believe” in 1975 for the Hofstra University lecture series Religious Pluralism in an Age of Change. In exploring religion and a belief in the supernatural, Payton asserts that many people exercise “the will or the right to believe.”
“If a world of the holocaust is a world in which the existence of God is unthinkable, then existence in a world without a God—without meaning or purpose—is even more unthinkable.”
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Threat or Promise (2001)
This email message was the last in a string of messages sent by Payton to the Jane Addams-Andrew Carnegie Fellowship list serve following the events of September 11th. Payton recalls an unsuccessful, thirty year-old movement to infuse international education into undergraduate studies. After September 11th, this type of global education seems relevant and necessary. “The education of all undergraduates will have to include some serious engagement with Islam and Buddhism and their critiques of modernism and secularism as well as Christianity.”
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Tolerance: Thoughts on the Group Topic (2000)
This piece was written to JAF IX as an introduction to the semester's topic and readings. Payton writes, "..We shouldn't think about philanthropy and ethnic conflict or philanthropy and tolerance without looking at them through the lenses of human nature and ideology."
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Tool of Thought (2001)
This email message was the second of nine messages sent by Payton to the Jane Addams-Andrew Carnegie Fellowship list serve following the events of September 11th. Payton offers a tool of thought that provides 5 levels of awareness. He admits that exploring these levels has brought moments of “great sadness—that this could happen to the world I will leave to my students and my two grandsons.”
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Two Kinds of Association (1993)
Payton defines two types of association—voluntary association of collective action and association of the spirit. The latter is infused with religious tradition, sympathy, kinship, and hope. Payton argues, “The voluntary association of the spirit underlies the voluntary association of action.”
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Virtue and Its Consequences (1988)
From the book, Philanthropy: Voluntary Action for the Public Good. Argues that the study of virtue will enrich our understanding of philanthropy and of the problematic nature of beneficence. "The consequences of our actions, including our best intentioned actions, are often problematic."
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Voluntarism and Philanthropy: What Does the Future Hold? (1987)
This speech was presented at the New York Public Library to a group of nonprofit professionals in 1987. Payton discusses virtue, university ethics, and the importance of the study of philanthropy. In closing he claims it is imperative that the tradition of philanthropy be passed on to future generations.
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Voluntarism: Learning how to "pass it on" (1990)
This essay was included in the August 1990 issue of Progressions published by the Lilly Endowment. Payton emphasizes the need for philanthropy and the importance of passing it on. He aruges that we must educate ourselves about the tradition of philanthropy in order to relay its importance to generations to come.
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